Why Women Live Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What is the reason women live more than men do today and why is this difference growing in the past? We only have a few clues and كيفية إقامة علاقة بالصور the evidence is not sufficient to draw a definitive conclusion. We know there are behavioral, biological and environmental variables which play a significant role in women living longer than males, we aren't sure how much each factor contributes.

We have learned that women live longer than males, regardless of weight. However this isn't due to the fact that certain biological or non-biological factors have changed. What are these changing factors? Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Other are more complicated. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. We can see that all countries are above the line of parity diagonally. This implies that a baby girl in all countries can be expected to live for longer than her brothers.

It is interesting to note that, while the advantage for women is present everywhere, كيفية إقامة علاقة بالصور global differences are significant. In Russia, women live 10 years more than men. In Bhutan there is a difference of less that half a year.

__S.17__
__S.19__
The advantage of women in terms of life expectancy was lower in countries with higher incomes than it is today.
Let's examine how the female longevity advantage has changed in the course of time. The chart below shows male and female life expectancies at the birth in the US between 1790 until 2014. Two points stand out.

There is an upward trend. Both men and women in the US have a much longer life span longer today than a century ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

The gap is widening: While the advantage of women in life expectancy was once very small It has significantly increased over time.

If you select the option "Change country from the chart, you will be able to determine if these two points apply to other countries with available information: Sweden, France and the UK.