Why Women Are More Likely To Live Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What's the reason women live longer than men? And how is this difference growing as time passes? We have only a small amount of evidence and the evidence isn't sufficient to support an unambiguous conclusion. Although we know that there are behavioral, biological and environmental factors that play an integral role in the longevity of women over males, we aren't sure the extent to which each factor plays a role.

We know that women live longer than men, regardless of weight. However, this is not due to the fact that certain biological or non-biological factors have changed. These variables are evolving. Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. There are others that are more intricate. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for كيفية إقامة علاقة بالصور survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. It is clear that all countries are over the diagonal line of parity. This means that a newborn girl in every country can expect to live longer than her brother.

The chart above shows that while the female advantage exists everywhere, the country-specific differences are huge. In Russia, women live 10 years longer than males. In Bhutan the difference is only half a year.

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In rich countries the longevity advantage for women was smaller
Let's take a look at how the female longevity advantage has changed over time. The chart below shows male and female life expectancies at the time of birth in the US from 1790 to 2014. Two specific points stand out.

First, there's an upward trend. Men and women in the US are living much, much longer than they did 100 years ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

Second, the gap is increasing: كيفية إقامة علاقة بالصور While the female advantage in life expectancy was quite small It has significantly increased in the past.

When you click on the option "Change country by country' in the chart, you can verify that these two points apply to the other countries having available information: Sweden, France and the UK.