Why Do Women Live Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What makes women live much longer than men today and why have these advantages gotten bigger in the past? The evidence isn't conclusive and we have only partial answers. While we are aware that there are biological, behavioral and environmental factors which play a significant role in women's longevity more than men, we do not know what percentage each factor كيفية ممارسة العلاقة الزوجية فى الاسلام plays in.

We know that women are living longer than men, regardless of weight. However this isn't because of certain non-biological aspects have changed. What are the factors that are changing? Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Certain are more complicated. For كيفية ممارسة العلاقة الزوجية فى الاسلام example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. It is clear that all countries are over the line of parity diagonally. This means that a newborn girl from every country could be expected to live for longer than her older brother.

The chart above shows that although the female advantage is present everywhere, global differences are significant. In Russia women have an average of 10 years more than men; in Bhutan the gap is just half a year.

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The advantage women had in life expectancy was much lower in developed countries than it is today.
We will now examine how the advantage of women in terms of longevity has changed over time. The following chart shows the male and female life expectancies at the birth in the US in the years 1790 to 2014. Two distinct points stand out.

First, there's an upward trend. Men as well as women in the US live much, much longer today than a century ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

Second, the gap is growing: Although the advantage of women in life expectancy used to be tiny but it has risen significantly with time.

If you select the option "Change country by country' in the chart, you are able to determine if these two points also apply to other countries that have available data: Sweden, France and the UK.