Why Do Women Live Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What's the main reason women are more likely to live longer than men? And why has this advantage gotten larger over time? The evidence is limited and we're only able to provide incomplete answers. We are aware that behavioral, biological and افضل شامبو وبلسم environmental factors contribute to the fact that women have longer lives than men, However, we're not sure what the contribution to each of these variables is.

In spite of the weight, we know that at a minimum, the reason women live longer than men today but not previously, has to do with the fact that several significant non-biological elements have changed. What are these factors that have changed? Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Certain are more complicated. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and افضل شامبو وبلسم women. It is clear that every country is over the line of parity diagonally. This implies that a baby girl from any country can be expected to live for longer than her younger brother.

This chart shows that, while there is a female advantage across all countries, differences between countries are often significant. In Russia women live 10 years more than males. In Bhutan the gap is less that half a year.

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In wealthy countries, the longevity advantage for women used to be smaller
Let's take a look at how the female longevity advantage has changed over time. The following chart shows male and female life expectancies at birth in the US over the period 1790-2014. Two things stand out.

First, there's an upward trend. Both men as well as women in the US are living much, much longer than they did a century ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

And second, there is an increase in the gap between men and women: female advantage in terms of life expectancy used be very modest, but it grew substantially in the past century.

You can verify that these principles are also applicable to other countries that have data by clicking the "Change country" option in the chart. This includes the UK, France, and Sweden.