Why Do Women Have Longer Lives Than Men
Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What is the reason women live longer than men? Why does this benefit increase as time passes? We only have partial evidence and the evidence is not sufficient to draw an absolute conclusion. We recognize that biological, behavioral and environmental factors contribute to the fact that women have longer life spans than men, however, we do not know what the contribution to each of these variables is.
We know that women are living longer than men, regardless of their weight. However, this is not because of certain non-biological factors have changed. These are the factors that are changing. Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Others are more complex. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, زيوت تطويل الشعر so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.
Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. We can see that every country is above the diagonal line of parity. This means that a newborn girl in every country can expect to live longer than her older brother.
Interestingly, this chart shows that although the female advantage exists in all countries, difference between countries is huge. In Russia women live 10 years longer than males. In Bhutan, the difference is less that half a year.
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The female advantage in terms of life expectancy was lower in countries with higher incomes than it is today.
Let's look at how the advantage of women in longevity has changed over time. The next chart plots the male and female lifespans at birth in the US over the period 1790-2014. Two aspects stand زيوت تطويل الشعر out.
First, there is an upward trend: Men and women in the US are living much, much longer than they did 100 years ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.
The gap is widening: While the advantage of women in terms of life expectancy was quite small however, it has grown significantly in the past.
If you select the option "Change country from the chart, you will be able to verify that these two points are applicable to the other countries having available information: Sweden, France and the UK.