Why Are Women Living Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What makes women live longer than men in the present, and why have these advantages gotten bigger in the past? The evidence isn't conclusive and اوضاع الجماع we only have partial answers. We know that biological, behavioral and environmental factors play a role in the fact that women have longer lives than men, However, we're not sure how much the influence to each of these variables is.

We are aware that women live longer than males, regardless of weight. However this is not because of certain non-biological aspects have changed. What are these new factors? Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Others are more complex. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. As you can see, all countries are above the diagonal parity line , this means in all countries that a baby girl can be expected to live for longer than a new boy.1

The chart above shows that although the female advantage exists everywhere, the country-specific differences are huge. In Russia women live 10 years more than males. In Bhutan the gap is less than half a calendar year.

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In countries with high incomes, the advantage of women in longevity was not as great.
Let's see how the female longevity advantage has changed over time. The following chart shows male and female life expectancies when they were born in the US between 1790 and 2014. Two distinct features stand out.

There is an upward trend. Women and men in America live longer than they were 100 years ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

And second, اوضاع الجماع there is an increase in the gap between men and women: female advantage in life expectancy used be quite small but it increased substantially in the past century.

You can check if these are applicable to other countries with data by clicking the "Change country" option on the chart. This includes the UK, France, and Sweden.