Why Are Women Living Longer Than Men
Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. Why do women live longer than men in the present and how does this benefit increase over time? The evidence isn't conclusive and we're left with only limited answers. Although we know that there are biological, اوضاع الجماع psychological as well as environmental factors which play a significant role in the longevity of women over males, we aren't sure what percentage each factor plays in.
In spite of the precise number of pounds, we know that at least a portion of the reason why women live so much longer than men today and not previously, is to be due to the fact that some significant non-biological elements have changed. What are the factors that are changing? Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Other are more complicated. For اوضاع الجماع example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.
Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. It is clear that all countries are over the line of parity diagonally. This implies that a baby girl from any country can expect to live longer than her older brother.
The chart above shows that although the female advantage exists everywhere, the global differences are significant. In Russia women are 10 years older than men. In Bhutan the difference is less than half one year.
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The female advantage in life expectancy was less in the richer countries than it is now.
Let's look at how the advantage of women in longevity has changed over time. The chart below shows men and women's life expectancies at the birth in the US from 1790 until 2014. Two distinct features stand out.
The first is that there is an upward trend. Both genders living in America are living longer than they were 100 years ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.
The gap is growing: Although the advantage of women in life expectancy used to be very small, it has increased substantially over time.
You can confirm that these points are also applicable to other countries that have data by selecting the "Change country" option on the chart. This includes the UK, France, and Sweden.