What are the key technologies?
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Answer
A variety of technologies are expected from both supply and demand of energy, below is a list of demand side technologies listed by United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCC)
- Heating for domestic and industry
- Fossil fuels/renewables
- Electric heating, High-efficiency furnances and boilers, Micro-cogeneration systems CHP, Condensing boilers for space heating and domestic hot water, Combined heat and power,
- Renewable technology
- Solar thermal flat plate, Energy Storage technologies, Heat Pump, Biomass heating, Green gas from biomass
- Energy saving
- Ventilation, Insulation, HighEfficiency heating, Building orientation, Energy storage technologies, Air-sealing
- Fossil fuels/renewables
- Cooling-clmate control
- Renewable technology
- Solar thermal, Heat Pump
- Energy saving
- Air-sealing, Facade technology, Insulation, Ventilation, High Efficiency heating, High Efficiency window, Cogeneration
- Renewable technology
- Hot water in buildings
- Fossil fuels/renewables
- High-efficiency furnaces and boilers, Condensing boilers for space heating
- Renewable technology
- Solar thermal, Heat pump
- Fossil fuels/renewables
- Lighting
- Energy Saving
- Compact Fluorescent Light Bulbs and LEDs, Solar lanterns, Light tubes, Smart controls, Day lighting and building design
- Energy Saving
- Demand-side management for Electricity
- Energy saving
- "Smart" Appliances and Home Automation, Electronic power supplies, Compact fluorescent lighting, Solar lanterns, Building Automation, system optimization, High Efficiency Refrigeration, High efficiency PC monitors, High efficiency televisions
- Energy saving
- Cooking
- Energy saving
- Improved cook stoves
- Renewable technology
- Cook stoves on ethanol/methanol, Biomass gasification stoves, Biogasfrom waste for coking, Efficient Charcoal production for coking, Solar cokers
- Energy saving
- Industrial efficienc
- Energy saving
- Energy saving in cement, agri-food, chemical, iron and steel industry
- Energy saving
- Transport
- Energy saving/fuel switch
- Hybrid technology
- Energy saving
- Vehicle add-on technologies, Black carbon control technologies, Vehicle technology mprovements, Freight logistics improement, Truck stop electrification, Driver information technologies, Efficient diesel engines, Management technologies
- Fuel switch
- Electric plug-in technology, LNG technology
- Fuel switch/ renewable technology
- Low carbon alternative fuels, Hydrogen
- Fuel cells
- Molten Carbonate Fuel Cells, PEM Fuel Cells, Direct Mehanol Fuel Cells, Alkaline Fuel Cells, Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cells, Slid Oxide Fuel Cells
- Energy saving/fuel switch
- CO2 Capture and Storage
- CO2 Captrure
- Chemical absorption wit monoethanolamine, Oxygen-firing, Integrated coal gasification combined cycle, Biochar
- CO2 Captrure
- Agriculture
- Renewable
- Improving Energy Capture from Corn and Biomass Heat,Bagasse CHP
- Energy saving
- Irban Agriculture, Community Gardens
- Energy Efficiency
- Improvements to Increase Water Conservation, Nutrient Management
- Carbon sequestration
- Soil Carbon Management
- Renewable
- Forestry
- Carbon sequestration/ renewables
- Improved Mill Waste Recovery
- Renewables
- Improved Logging Residue Recovery
- Forest conservation
- Silviculture Improvements
- Carbon sequestration/ renewables
- Waste management
- Renewable technology
- Landfill methane recovery and use, Municipal Solid Waste combustion, Municipal Solid Waste gasification, Recycled Bio-Oils
- Energy efficiency
- Advanced Municipal Solid Waste Management Practice, Source reduction strategies, Resource Management Contracting, Enhanced Management of Organic Waste, Improved Commercialization of Biomass Conversion Technologies, Wastewater Treatment Pland Biosolids for Energy Production
- Water efficiency
- Waste water management/metering, Grey water use, Lower consumption and waste production
- Renewable technology
Reference
UNFCC, Handbook on conducting technology needs assessment for cliamte change