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| <h2 style="background-color: #F5F9FA; border-left:1px solid #AAAAAA;border-right:1px solid #AAAAAA; padding-left: 10px;">Team members</h2>
| | =Team members= |
| * Giorgos Roussakis<br> | | * Giorgos Roussakis<br> |
| * Reyner Karnali<br> | | * Reyner Karnali<br> |
| * Christian Wittenberg<br> | | * Christian Wittenberg<br> |
| * Adi Kentsch | | * Adrian Kentsch |
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| <br><h2 style="background-color: #F5F9FB; border-left:1px solid #AAAAAA;border-right:1px solid #AAAAAA; padding-left: 10px;">Driving Forces</h2> | | Caytmk <a href="http://wvtyfypfjcve.com/">wvtyfypfjcve</a>, [url=http://sklsgjiuqvaa.com/]sklsgjiuqvaa[/url], [link=http://mcslvickulip.com/]mcslvickulip[/link], http://zmylbtaxrczi.com/ |
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| 1. [[Content Delivery in Location Aware Applications from converged 3G/Wireless Internet]]<br>
| | =Research Questions= |
| 2. [[Programming Languages]]<br> | | ===Defining Enterprise IT=== |
| 3. [[Sustainable Development & Global Economy]]<br>
| | # [[What is Enterprise IT?]] |
| 4. [[Dynamic Mobile Workspace]]<br>
| | # [[What are legacy systems?]] |
| 5. [[The Rise of BRIC Economies]]<br>
| | # [[Any common global standard for Enterprise IT?]] |
| 6. [[Increasing Human-Computer Interaction]]<br>
| | # [[How do you categorize and/or classify Enterprise IT?]] |
| 7. [[The shift towards Semantics in Business Intelligence]]<br>
| | # [[How long does it take for firms to implement these solutions (e.g. ERP system)?]] <br> |
| 8. [[The increasing use of Social Software]]<br>
| | ===Technologies=== |
| 9. [[The innovative Open alternative]]
| | # [[Artificial Intelligence with Enterprise IT?]] |
| | # [[How does the emergence of virtualization impact Enterprise IT?]] |
| | # [[What are the Impacts of Internet in the future development of Enterprise IT?]] |
| | # [[What are interesting technologies for improving the way Enterprise IT is applied]] |
| | # [[Why is the Hardware keeps on improving rapidly, while software not? What is fundamentally different?]] |
| | ===Financial and Economic=== |
| | # [[What is the GDP market for enterprise IT?]] |
| | # [[What is the average cost that firms pay for implementing Enterprise IT (in this case, ERP)? ]] |
| | ===Market & Environment=== |
| | # [[Who are the Primary Target Markets?]] |
| | # [[Who are dominating the Enterprise IT industry?]] |
| | # [[How does Enterprise IT affect the organization?]] |
| | # [[What are relevant trends that influence the future of enterprise IT?]] |
| | # [[How will Outsourcing of Enterprise IT will develop in time? ]] |
| | ===Problems=== |
| | # [[What are the problems of current Enterprise IT?]] |
| | # [[Does user experience matter in Enterprise software? What are the caveats?]] |
| | # [[How catastrophic will the future development of programming language will be for Enterprise IT (Impact of it)?]] |
| | ===Solutions=== |
| | # [[What are known solutions to solve Legacy problems in Enterprise IT?]] |
| | # [[How can consolidation of solutions be beneficial?]] |
| | # [[What is the most viable future of Enterprise 2.0 ?]] |
| | =Driving Forces= |
| | ===Technological forces=== |
| | # [[Programming Languages]] |
| | # [[Cloud Computing and the Enterprise]] |
| | # [[The innovative Open alternative]] |
| | # [[The shift towards Semantics in Business Intelligence]] |
| | # [[Content Delivery in Location Aware Applications from converged 3G/Wireless Internet]] |
| | # [[Increasing Human-Computer Interaction]] |
| | ===Social forces=== |
| | # [[Dynamic Mobile Workspace]] |
| | # [[The increasing use of Social Software]] |
| | # [[R&D and Innovation programs]] |
| | ===Economical forces=== |
| | # [[The Economic Climate and SMEs]] |
| | # [[The Rise of BRIC Economies]] |
| | # [[Sustainable Development & Global Economy]] |
| | =Systems Diagram= |
| | [[Image:Enterprise_IT_Systems_Diagram.png|thumb| |
| | <b>Systems Diagram</b><hr> |
| | Meaning of colors and shapes:<hr> |
| | <b>Gray</b> The Enterprise<br> |
| | <b>Purple</b> Business Core<br> |
| | <b>Navy Blue</b> IT Core<br> |
| | <b>Aqua Blue</b> In-House IT<br> |
| | <b>Deep Blue</b> External IT<br> |
| | <b>Indigo</b> B2B Partner<br> |
| | <b>Green</b> Outsourcing Party<br> |
| | <b>Orange</b> Key Enablers<hr> |
| | <b>Big Circle</b> Internal Feature<br> |
| | <b>Small Circle</b> Assist Feature<br> |
| | <b>Square</b> External Feature<br> |
| | <b>Oval</b> Internal Role<br> |
| | <b>Rectangular</b> External Role<br> |
| | <b>Cloud</b> Intangible Presence]] |
| | The key enablers identified on the Enterprise IT systems diagram happen first of all at a technological level and second of all at a social and economical level. |
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| <br><h2 style="background-color: #F5F9FB; border-left:1px solid #AAAAAA;border-right:1px solid #AAAAAA; padding-left: 10px;">Systems Diagram</h2>
| | Technological factors are represented by the IT industry and their R&D programs, but also by demand from the primary target market and by user innovation coming from the Internet cloud. |
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| [[Image:Model.jpg]]
| | Social factors are represented by company employees and by social interactions that take place on the Internet between customers and between lead-users. |
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| <br><h2 style="background-color: #F5F9FA; border-left:1px solid #AAAAAA;border-right:1px solid #AAAAAA; padding-left: 10px;">The Future of Enterprise IT</h2>
| | Economical factors are represented by the choice enterprises have when trying to discover the best solution for their IT development. This can either happen in-house, can be outsourced or offshored, or can be a combination of options. Furthermore, outsourcing/offshoring can be done either with current IT markets, mostly Western, or with emerging markets, such as the BRIC, the decision depending on socio-economical aspects. |
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| 1.[[What is Enterprise IT?]]<br>
| | The emergence of BRIC economies as well as influences coming from the Internet cloud are yet intangible aspects, hence hard to predict, but with potential influence on Enterprise IT. |
| 2.[[How does Enterprise IT affect the organization?]]<br>
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| 3.[[How do you categorize/classify them?]]<br>
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| 4.[[What are legacy systems?]]<br>
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| 5.[[What is the GDP market for enterprise IT?]]<br>
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| 6.[[Who are dominating the Enterprise IT industry?]]<br>
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| 7.[[What are relevant trends that influence the future of enterprise IT?]]<br>
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| 8.[[What are known solutions to solve Legacy problems in Enterprise IT?]]<br>
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| 9.[[Who are the Primary Target Markets?]]<br>
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| 10.[[What is the average cost that firms pay for implementing Enterprise IT (in this case, ERP)? ]]<br>
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| 11.[[How long does it take for firms to implement these solutions (e.g. ERP system)?]] <br>
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| | =Scenarios= |
| | [[Image:Enterprise_IT_Scenarios.png|thumb|<b>Four Scenarios</b>]] |
| | [[Image:Scenario_Tree.jpg|thumb|<b>Scenario Tree</b>]] |
| | Supporting our discovery of six technological driving forces and six socio-economical driving forces, three for each, the systems diagram points out that four scenarios could possibly emerge, given the extent to which enterprises embrace on the one hand technological change and on the other hand socio-economical change. |
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| <b>14. What is the utilization of these systems?</b> | | The four scenarios, presented below, have been given resembling Hollywood movie names: |
| | # <h2>[[Star Wars]]</h2> |
| | # <h2>[[007 - James Bond]]</h2> |
| | # <h2>[[Slumdog Millionaire]]</h2> |
| | # <h2>[[Reservoir Dogs]]</h2> |
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| <b>15. Problems of current Enterprise IT?</b>
| | ==Discussion== |
| Most business applications are too inflexible to keep pace with the businesses they support. Today’s applications force people to figure out how to map isolated pools of information and functions to their tasks and processes, and they force IT pros to spend too much budget to keep up with evolving markets, policies, regulations, and business models. IT’s primary goal during the next five years should be to invent a new generation of enterprise software that adapts to the business and its work and evolve with it. Forrester calls this new generation Dynamic Business Applications, emphasizing close alignment with business processes and work (design for people) and adaptability to business change (build for change). At this stage, the requirements for Dynamic Business Applications are clearer than the design practices needed to create them. But the tools are at hand, and pioneers in service-oriented architecture (SOA), business process management (BPM), and business rules — including independent software vendors (ISVs) — have begun showing us the way.
| | After presenting the scenarios and findings there were some constructive and additive comments. In general there was a PEST approach to the subject. Drop an ear in the conversation and feedback that took place while presenting the findings in the DTN offices, Amsterdam. [[Media:Enterprise_IT_Discussion.mp3]] |
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| <b>16. Are there any legislations/regulations on the privacy of data?</b>
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| <b>17. Does user experience matter in Enterprise software? What are the caveats?</b>
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| User Experience does matter. In any organization user experience plays a very important role, especially nowadays. Companies therefore put a lot of effort in enhancing user experience and make it favorable. Without positive user experience productivity decreases or users simply fail to see advantages of the new system and go against adopting the software solution. Usually this is triggered by not having enough attention paid by software developers on the wants and needs of the user groups or because enterprises don’t spend enough time on learning ability, usability and efficiency.
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| Sources:
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| http://uxmatters.com/mt/archives/2009/03/the-user-experience-of-enterprise-software-matters-part-2-strategic-user-experience.php
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| http://www.uxmatters.com/mt/archives/2008/12/the-user-experience-of-enterprise-software-matters.php
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| <br><b>18. How does the emergence of virtualization impact Enterprise IT?</b>
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| What could virtualization mean for an enterprise IT system but interoperability? By employing virtualization there is separation of the 1-on-1 relationship between OS and HW. Therefore one HW can have many OSes. On top of that, any OS can have many DBMS’s, CRM’s or any other software critical for the company. Extending that path, with virtualization there is no critical server failure. Losing the functionality of HW now means fewer resources for the virtualized instances to run, not critical failure. Virtualization therefore, enables companies to utilize more their HW resources while having a centralized virtualization management point. This very important technology, can be applied for Legacy application re-hosting or infrastructure provisioning and business continuity. Financially speaking, virtualization lower IT costs significally, approximately by 20-30% per application.
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| Sources:
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| http://www.ecommercetimes.com/story/66624.html
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| <br><b>19. What are the Impacts of Internet in the future development of Enterprise IT?</b>
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| Internet developments continuously have an impact both on businesses and on IT. Nowadays the evolution of the World Wide Web towards a mature Web 2.0 and later towards the expected still theoretical Web 3.0 change the way businesses organize and operate. Enterprise 2.0 became a concept of its own, shaped by the emergence of Web 2.0 concepts and standards, including Cloud Computing, Everything-as-a-Service and the Semantic Web. Furthermore, the evolution of mobile technology, whose course is set to enrich internet capabilities, going from 3G towards a still conceptual 4G having full VoIP and WiMAX wireless broadband, makes the already popular prediction regarding the convergence of the PC industry with the Mobile industry a fact for the near-future. Wireless broadband in itself is a great step towards internet mobility opening new opportunities for businesses. In parallel with mobile internet development, the developments in the area of open-source mobile OS boost the potential of mobile applications opening new opportunities for Business IT. All such developments therefore continuously influence the way businesses operate and allow brand new Enterprise IT solutions to emerge.
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| Internet as a global infrastructure will mature mainly having an optical fiber at OSI Level 1 and still use IPv6 as a standard protocol. Moreover 3G and Wi-Fi should merge to one greater technology. What we see today is that information takes more time to be processed from a core2Duo laptop than to download from the Internet. This eventually will converge but it is an indicator of the quality of Internet and the lack of efficiency at using computing power.
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| So far, Internet was a mere ‘upload’ of silo-ed data. What seems to drive the next era is the scheme of interconnected data. For example, we can use linked data in order to create manage and visualize relations. A possible Google search would produce not a mere list of web pages but linked data, probably sorted by relevance or by trustworthiness of source.
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| Enterprise IT should tame this potential by allowing isolated datacenters to be able to share and extend valuable information. Moreover, new Internet – oriented / dependent products shall emerge making a new internetworked market, that will require management and innovation. With the emergence of Web 3.0, which means having applications relatively small, peaces together, data in the cloud, pc or phone , fast and customizable apps. Low barrier entry
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| <b>20. Any common global standard for Enterprise IT? </b>
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| Enterprise Architecture Good Practice Guide First International Open Standard in EA
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| January 2009
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| The purpose of this First International adapted is to provide guidance to organization's in initiating, developing, using, and maintaining their enterprise architecture (EA) practice. This Open Standard guide offers a set of Enterprise Architecture Good Practices that have proven their benefits to organizations and that addresses an end-to-end process to initiate, implement, and sustain an EA program, and describes the necessary roles and associated responsibilities for a successful EA program.
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| Enterprise Architecture is a complete expression of the enterprise; a master plan which “acts as a collaboration force” between aspects of business planning such as goals, visions, strategies and governance principles; aspects of business operations such as business terms, organization structures, processes and data; aspects of automation such as information systems and databases; and the enabling technological infrastructure of the business such as computers, operating systems and networks.
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| While EA frameworks and models provide valuable guidance on the content of enterprise architectures, there is literally no guidance how to successfully manage the process of creating, changing, and using Enterprise Architecture.
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| http://www.enterprise-architecture.info/EA_Standards.htm
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| Examples of standards for a specific system, the ERP can be found here
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| http://www.army.mil/ArmyBTKC/focus/sa/erp_standards.htm
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| <b>21. How can consolidation of solutions be beneficial?</b>
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| <b>22. What are interesting technologies for improving the way Enterprise IT is applied</b>
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| o How would it be beneficial if all the various enterprise IT can communicate together (Interoperability)
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| o Automated Content Distribution change the way business contacts
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| o How can Semantic search be beneficial in enterprise IT
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| Most near-future technologies related to Enterprise IT are to a great extent also related to Enterprise 2.0 and adjacent standards. Improvements to existing Enterprise IT therefore include social enhancements such as blogs, wikis, RSS, podcasting, social networking and bookmarking, all representing a system of web-based technologies part of the Web 2.0 standards that are meant to provide rapid and agile collaboration, information sharing, emergence and integration capabilities. The Semantic Web extension to the World Wide Web provides further aid and development by its powerful methods to enhance relationships and collaborative working groups. Furthermore, developments in Cloud Computing and Service-Oriented Architecture aim towards the concept of Everything-as-a-Service that includes software, communication, infrastructure and platforms, turning the Internet into a broad and rich solution for all enterprise needs. Developments in Mobile (Internet) Technology have a significant impact too, by adding mobility features and solutions to enterprise.
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| http://www.aiim.org/What-is-Enterprise-2.0-E2.0.aspx
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| http://www.aiim.org/images/WhatIs/E20_Tools.jpg
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| http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Everything_as_a_service
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| <b>23. How will Outsourcing of Enterprise IT will develop in time? </b>
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| Why to Outsource?
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| - Bring in expertise where it matters
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| - Better system design than you could ever do
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| - Better system maintenance than you could ever do it in-house
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| - Lower the risk of ownership
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| - Keep pace with technology changes.
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| - Allow staff to focus on managing the system, not building and maintaining the system.
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| Benefits of Outsourcing:
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| Seamless integration
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| Huge cost savings
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| – No duplicate data
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| – No manual consolidating of data for reports
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| – System automation of routine business logic
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| – System automation of some complex tasks (registration, scheduling, etc)
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| Improved Quality of your operations
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| – Real-time access to data for all staff and constituents.
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| – High data quality and integrity.
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| – More time for learning!
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| Better Work Environment - Lower Operational Stress!
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| – Lower risks in many areas – data loss, upgrade issues, viruses, etc.
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| – Manual data entry and “grunt work” is largely a thing of the past
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| – People like their jobs better because “the system works like it should”
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| http://jobfunctions.bnet.com/abstract.aspx?docid=147911&tag=content;col1
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| http://www.asbindia.info:8081/drupal/ASB_Un-plugged/files/Enterprise%20Solutions%20and%20School%20Administration%20Veracross.pdf
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| <b>24. What measurements (IT matrices) are there in Enterprise IT?</b>
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| <b>25. How catastrophic will the future development of programming language will be for Enterprise IT (Impact of it)?</b>
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| Programming language has been in continuous development, from the military software Fortran/Cobol towards C/C++, Java/C# and PHP/Python/.NET or Ajax. The problem with programming languages is that while they continue developing with each generation, continuity with older code is broken as current developers cannot understand older languages. Moreover, as enterprise solutions become more and more complex and programming tends to be simplified, software nowadays reached major limitations. It is difficult to predict how catastrophic the consequences of software limitations and broken continuity will be, but there are indeed some alarm signals. Looking at the history of programming languages, however, it is better assumed that the natural course of development will always discover a solution for any emerging need. Hopefully, knowing that the trend towards internet-based solutions is certain, and basing future development on learning from past experiences, programming will embrace clearly defined standards and software development will reach the required level of maturity and stability.
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| http://cplus.about.com/od/introductiontoprogramming/a/2008.htm
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| http://www.redcanary.ca/view/top-10-programming
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| <b>26. Artificial Intelligence with Enterprise IT?</b>
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| Artificial Intelligence represented a myth in the early days of computer developments, a belief that one day computers will be able to think for themselves. Since, AI development took a different approach and search for more tangible applications such as knowledge-based systems or enterprise decision management. Nowadays AI in Enterprise IT is represented by Business Intelligence and the emerging Business Intelligence 2.0.
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| The concept behind BI 2.0 is that it is a more proactive form of analyzing data and understanding facts useful to businesses. It is strongly based on the development of Semantic Web, linking data and finding relationships, and plays an important role in the development of Service-Oriented Architectures, therefore being predicted to have a great impact on the future of Enterprise IT. Artificial Intelligence in its conceptual way may still be far from achievement, but Business Intelligence is already tangible.
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| http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Business_Intelligence
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| http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Business_Intelligence_2.0
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| http://www.intelligententerprise.com/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=197002610
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| http://www.edmblog.com/weblog/2006/10/business_intell.html
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| <b>27. Why is the Hardware keeps on improving rapidly, while software not? What is fundamentally different?</b>
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| Hardware development reached a higher maturity level than software did. Hardware was always a step ahead of software and this can easily be seen throughout recent history. Examples such as multi-touch technology are straight forward. By nature, software follows hardware, but, as explained already, software takes more time to develop, encounters difficulties in maturity, standards and continuity, whereas hardware does not encounter such problems. Also, hardware is physical, opposing the virtual nature of software, and humans still value something physical more. It is more likely that someone spends money on buying hardware than software, often acquiring the required software through other means. Therefore in general hardware presents a higher business success and hence hardware R&D is better supported by financial resources than software.
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| <b>28. What is the most viable future of Enterprise 2.0 ?</b>
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| Enterprise spending on Web 2.0 technologies is going to increase dramatically over the next five years. This increase will include more spending on social networking tools, mashups, and RSS, with the end result being a global enterprise market of $4.6 billion by the year 2013. This change is not without its challenges. Although there is money to be made in the industry by vendors, Web 2.0 tools by their very nature are defined by commoditization; as is much of the new social media industry, a topic we touched on briefly here, when discussing how content has become a commodity. For vendors specifically, there are 3 main challenges to becoming successful in this new industry, including:
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| 1.I.T. shops being wary of what they perceive as "consumer-grade" technology
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| 2.Ad-supported web tools generally have "free" as the starting point
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| 3.Web 2.0 tools will have to now compete in a space currently dominated by legacy enterprise software investments
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| http://www.readwriteweb.com/archives/enterprise_20_to_become_a_46_billion_industry.php
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| http://browse.workliteracy.com/enterprise-2.0
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| http://www.e2conf.com/conference/by-track.php
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| http://www.futureexploration.net/
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| http://www.rossdawsonblog.com/extinction_timeline.pdf
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| <br><h2 style="background-color: #F5F9FB; border-left:1px solid #AAAAAA;border-right:1px solid #AAAAAA; padding-left: 10px;">Scenarios</h2>
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| 1. [[Reservoir Dogs]]<br>
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| 2. [[007 - James Bond]]<br>
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