Global Energy System- How we power things

1. How much energy is produced in the world? What are the geographical split and the spread of energy production?
2. How much energy is used in the world? What is the geographical split?
3. How many resources of fossil fuels are in the world?
4. How many reserves of fossil fuel are in the world?
6. What technologies are there for energy production?
7. What are energy storage technologies out there?
8. How much energy is used in what form (electricity, heat, transport)?
9. What are the major impacts to increase energy efficiency?
10. What is the seasonality of energy consumption? (day / month / year)
11. What is the current carbon footprint in the energy production system and consumption?
12. What’s the most efficient alternative resource of fossil fuels currently?
13. What’s the biggest challenge of renewable energy currently?
14. How do we change people’s mindset to use renewable energy even it may be more expensive?
15. What's the threshold for price/cost vs. capacity for production?

Scenario: 3D Scenario: Decentralized, disruptive, democratic

2022
In 2022 the end user started to demand to have renewable energy supplied, in terms of heating and electricity. The demand from the end user provided a significant pull through the energy industry emphasizing the expansion of renewalable energy, such as photovoltaic and wind power. During the same year, the first developments of energy storage are made, this includes hydrogen and battery storage. However, the energy storage systems are not available on a large scale to provide balance to the electrical grid.

2025
The pull of renewable energy results in the first larger installations of renewable energy installations. The power supply from renewables starts to become more vastly available and start to exceed the traditional power generations. The renewable energies started to destabilize the electricy grid, due to volatility. Furthermore, traditional power generation units still have to be kept as cold reserve to balance out the volatility of supply from the renewables. The first breakthroughs for solid state batteries have been completed and the first companies experimented with the large-scale production.
2027
The electricity grid becomes more destabilized due to the renewable energies. The end consumer is experiencing first outages in the electricity supply. However, larger outages were able to be avoided as that time. Additional renewable energy power stations are on the way to be completed during the next years. Due to the price drop PV installations on roofs become very common. First houses are being equipped with solid state batteries to balance the supply and demand and provide intermediate storage e.g. to load electrical cars. The production of solid-state batteries are now fully running. The demand is significant.
2030
Most houses are equipped with solid state batteries and PV installations. Electricity is mostly produced on the low or medium voltage level and only shared within the community and only rarely beyond it. The batteries are balancing out the supply and demand. Storage installations of batteries are able to last for several days, in larger communities’ weeks, or even month, being able to meet supply and demand. Fossil fuel power plants are still kept available for long cloudy, days, without wind. However, the classical top-down energy supply is fully disrupted. Energy for houses becomes a very cheap resource for everybody.