Difference between revisions of "China script"

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== Background ==
= Background =
For centuries China stood as a leading civilization, outpacing the rest of the world in the arts and sciences, but in the 19th and early 20th centuries, the country was beset by civil unrest, major famines, military defeats, and foreign occupation. After World War II, the Communists under MAO Zedong established an autocratic socialist system that, while ensuring China's sovereignty, imposed strict controls over everyday life and cost the lives of tens of millions of people. After 1978, MAO's successor DENG Xiaoping and other leaders focused on market-oriented economic development and by 2000 output had quadrupled. For much of the population, living standards have improved dramatically and the room for personal choice has expanded, yet political controls remain tight. China since the early 1990s has increased its global outreach and participation in international organizations.<br>
For centuries China stood as a leading civilization, outpacing the rest of the world in the arts and sciences, but in the 19th and early 20th centuries, the country was beset by civil unrest, major famines, military defeats, and foreign occupation. After World War II, the Communists under MAO Zedong established an autocratic socialist system that, while ensuring China's sovereignty, imposed strict controls over everyday life and cost the lives of tens of millions of people. After 1978, MAO's successor DENG Xiaoping and other leaders focused on market-oriented economic development and by 2000 output had quadrupled. For much of the population, living standards have improved dramatically and the room for personal choice has expanded, yet political controls remain tight. China since the early 1990s has increased its global outreach and participation in international organizations.<br>


== Populaton: ==
= Populaton: =
Today, China's population is over 1.3 billion, the largest in the world (19.5% of world population[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_population]). China plans to conduct its sixth national population census in 2010. According to CIA World Factbook 2010,[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ch.html#People], China's population will be over 1.4 billion. However, China now has an increasingly aging population because of "one child" policy; it is projected that 11.8% of the population in 2020 will be 65 years of age and older. Besides, India's population might overtake China's population in 2030. [http://trak.in/tags/business/2007/05/24/india-and-china-population-a-blessing-in-disguise/]<br><br>
Today, China's population is over 1.3 billion, the largest in the world (19.5% of world population[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_population]). China plans to conduct its sixth national population census in 2010. According to CIA World Factbook 2010,[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ch.html#People], China's population will be over 1.4 billion. However, China now has an increasingly aging population because of "one child" policy; it is projected that 11.8% of the population in 2020 will be 65 years of age and older. Besides, India's population might overtake China's population in 2030. [http://trak.in/tags/business/2007/05/24/india-and-china-population-a-blessing-in-disguise/]<br><br>
[[File:China population.jpeg]]<br>
[[File:China population.jpeg]]<br>


== Economy ==
= Economy =
China's economy during the past 20 years has changed from a centrally planned system that was largely closed to international trade to a more market-oriented economy that has a rapidly growing private sector and is a major player in the global economy. <br><br>  
China's economy during the past 20 years has changed from a centrally planned system that was largely closed to international trade to a more market-oriented economy that has a rapidly growing private sector and is a major player in the global economy. <br><br>  


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Measured on a purchasing power parity (PPP) basis that adjusts for price differences, China in 2009 stood as the second-largest economy in the world after the US, although in per capita terms the country is still lower middle-income.<br><br>
Measured on a purchasing power parity (PPP) basis that adjusts for price differences, China in 2009 stood as the second-largest economy in the world after the US, although in per capita terms the country is still lower middle-income.<br><br>


China continues to lose arable land because of erosion and economic development. In 2006, China announced that by 2010 it would decrease energy intensity 20% from 2005 levels. In 2009, China announced that by 2020 it would reduce carbon intensity 40% from 2005 levels. The Chinese government seeks to add energy production capacity from sources other than coal and oil, and is focusing on nuclear and other alternative energy development. In 2009, the global economic downturn reduced foreign demand for Chinese exports for the first time in many years. The government vowed to continue reforming the economy and emphasized the need to increase domestic consumption in order to make China less dependent on foreign exports for GDP growth in the future.<br>
In 2009, the global economic downturn reduced foreign demand for Chinese exports for the first time in many years. The government vowed to continue reforming the economy and emphasized the need to increase domestic consumption in order to make China less dependent on foreign exports for GDP growth in the future.<br>


== China in the international stage ==
= China in the international stage =


== Enablers: ==
== UN ==
1)Beijing has the infrastructure and facilities for hosting the Olympiad.
The UN officially came into existence on 24 October 1945 upon ratification of the Charter by the first five permanent members of the , the Republic of China, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom and the of the other 46 signatories.[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations#History]<br><br>
  The city has modernized infrastructures of telecommunications, transport,
  accommodation and other services. <br><br>
2)It also has advanced sports venues. Among the existing 5,000 stadiums in
  Beijing, eight are able to accommodate 5,000 spectators each, and another
  15 can hold 2,000 each. The city is now building a number of state-of-the-art
  sports venues.<br><br>
3.On the issue of climate change, Beijing has established an alliance with Brazil, South Africa and India (the
BASIC countries). India and China have long cooperated on global environmental negotiations (at least
dating back to the Montreal Protocol on Substances That Deplete the Ozone Layer in the late 1980s).With
the addition of Brazil and South Africa, and perhaps Indonesia, which will be participating in the April
BASIC meeting in Cape Town, China has established a broader and more formal negotiating entity. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BASIC_countries] <br><br>
4. China Surpasses U.S. in Renewable Energy Investments[http://www.tableausoftware.com/blog/china-and-renewable-energy][http://www.renewable-energy-news.info/china-surpasses-united-states-renewable-energy-investments/]<br>


== Inhibitors ==
However, China's seat in the United Nations and membership of the United Nations Security Council has been occupied by the People's Republic of China (PRC) since October 25, 1971. The representatives of the PRC first attended the UN, including the United Nations Security Council, as China's representatives on November 23, 1971.<br><br>
1)China's poor human rights record.<br><br>
2)The absolute poor have concentrated around in Beijing <br><br>
3)As industry rapidly expands, the city faces a growing problem with pollution
  Pollution is not Beijing's only problem. The city's streets are clogged with
  an ever-growing numbers of cars.
  On the western edge of the city stands one of the worst culprits, the
  massive  Capital Iron and Steel complex, whose smelters belch vast
  quantities of pollution into the air every day. .
4.China urbanization rate will reach 50% by 2020 and the car market will still increase.<br><br>
5.China has overtaken the US as the world's biggest consumer of energy, according to preliminary data from the IEA[http://www.guardian.co.uk/business/datablog/2010/aug/03/us-china-energy-consumption-data]<br><br>
6. Expected China total peak production: 2015-2020 <br>
The People's Republic of China is the the second largest reserves after the United States. The Energy Watch Group predicts that the Chinese reserves will peak around 2015.The EWG also predicts that the recent steep rise in production will be followed by a steep decline after 2020. The US Energy Information Administration projects that China coal production will continue to rise through 2030.<br><br>


== Paradigms: ==
Since the end of the Cold War, the PRC has notably not attempted to use the UN as a counterbalance against the United States as Russia and France have done. In the 1991 Gulf War resolution, the PRC abstained, and it voted for the ultimatum to Iraq in the period leading up to the Second Gulf War. Most observers believe that the PRC would have abstained had a resolution authorising force against Iraq in 2003 reached the Security Council.[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China_and_the_United_Nations#The_People.27s_Republic_of_China_in_the_UN]<br><br>
1)The journey begins here. It is a journey toward unbounded opportunities,
  toward the most dynamic economy and most promising marketplace in the world.<br><br>
2)Chinese people will have to get confidence because the Olympic Games provide
  an honorable opportunity to enhance their image and demonstrate their
  strengths in key technologies, products and services while gaining
  recognition for their commitment to China's national quest for professional
  excellence in all realms of business.<br><br>
3.[[File:Global renewable capacity.png]]<br><br>
4.[[File:Global renewable investment.png]]<br><br>


== Experts: ==
In human rights issues, the PRC has been increasingly successful at maintaining their positions, although China used try to cover the truth of "Tiananmen Square protests of 1989" in order to prevent the blame from the world.[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiananmen_Square_protests_of_1989] In 1995, they won 43 percent of the votes in the General Assembly; by 2006 they won 82 percent.<br><br>
[http://www.10thnpc.org.cn/english/chuangye/62939.htm]
 
== WTO ==
With its accession to the World Trade Organization (WTO) on December 11, 2001, China became one of the last major trading nations to join that organization. And the message to the world was clear: China is prepared to become a fully vested player in the global economy. WTO membership will generate tremendous benefits for China -- expanding trade, spearheading further economic reform, attracting even higher levels of foreign investment, and fostering the rule of law.[http://www.chinese-culture.net/html/china_wto.html] In conclusion, after China became a member of WTO, the economic growth boosted up in a dramatically speed. With the impressive economic growth performance, especially in the down trend of 2009, China's power in WTO become more and more important than ever.<br>
 
= China's climate change policy =
In 2006, China announced that by 2010 it would decrease energy intensity 20% from 2005 levels. <BR><BR>
In 2009, China announced that by 2020 it would reduce carbon intensity 40% from 2005 levels.<br><BR>
The Chinese government seeks to add energy production capacity from sources other than coal and oil, and is focusing on nuclear and other alternative energy development. <br>
 
= Examples of China's ambition =
Beijing has the infrastructure and facilities for hosting the 2008 Olympiad. The city has modernized infrastructures of telecommunications, transport,accommodation and other services. <br><br>
 
China wants to further proof of its rising global influence through holding EXPO 2010 in Shanghai.[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/8653426.stm]<br><br>
 
On the issue of climate change, Beijing has established an alliance with Brazil, South Africa and India (theBASIC countries). India and China have long cooperated on global environmental negotiations (at least dating back to the Montreal Protocol on Substances That Deplete the Ozone Layer in the late 1980s).With the addition of Brazil and South Africa, and perhaps Indonesia, which will be participating in the April BASIC meeting in Cape Town, China has established a broader and more formal negotiating entity. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BASIC_countries] <br><br>


== Timing: ==
China Surpasses U.S. in Renewable Energy Investments[http://www.tableausoftware.com/blog/china-and-renewable-energy][http://www.renewable-energy-news.info/china-surpasses-united-states-renewable-energy-investments/][http://apolloalliance.org/blog/?tag=surface-transportation-authorization-bill]<br><br>
The 2008 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing.


= Experts =
[http://www.10thnpc.org.cn/english/chuangye/62939.htm]


== Web Resources: ==
= Web Resources =
[http://www.scenariothinking.org/wiki/index.php/Future_of_China_in_2030 Future of China in 2030]<br>
[http://www.scenariothinking.org/wiki/index.php/Future_of_China_in_2030 Future of China in 2030]<br>
[http://www.chinatoday.com/ Chinatoday]<br>
[http://www.chinatoday.com/ Chinatoday]<br>
[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ch.html#People The World Factbook]<br>
[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ch.html#People The World Factbook]<br>
[http://www.cbd.int/impact/case-studies/cs-impact-cciced-eia-en.pdf An Environmental Impact Assessment of Chinas WTO Accession]<br>
[http://www.princeton.edu/~gchow/WTO.pdf China and WTO]<BR>
[http://www.theepochtimes.com/n2/content/view/26947/ China's ambition]<br>
[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/8653426.stm China opens World Expo 2010 in Shanghai]<br>
[http://apolloalliance.org/blog/?tag=surface-transportation-authorization-bill China in the Lead]<br>

Latest revision as of 13:58, 2 September 2010