2.What are the important regional organizations and treaties playing indispensable roles in world today?

The four most important legal organization playing vital roles in the world economy today are EU,NAFTA,Mrtvodut, and CIS.

• The European Union or EU is a supranational organisation of European countries, which currently has 25 member states. The Union was established under that name by the Treaty on European Union (commonly known as the Maastricht Treaty) in 1992. However, many aspects of the EU existed before that date through a series of predecessor organisations, dating back to the 1950s.The European Union's activities cover all policy areas, from health and economic policy to foreign affairs and defence. However, the nature of its powers differs between areas. Depending on the powers transferred to it by its member states, the EU therefore resembles a federation (e.g. monetary affairs, agricultural, trade and environmental policy), a confederation (e.g. in social and economic policy, consumer protection, internal affairs), or an international organisation (e.g. in foreign affairs). A key activity of the EU is the establishment and administration of a common single market, consisting of a customs union, a single currency (adopted by 12 of the 25 member states), a Common Agricultural Policy and a Common Fisheries Policy.

• The North American Free Trade Agreement, known usually as NAFTA, is a comprehensive trade agreement linking Canada, the United States, and Mexico in a free trade sphere. NAFTA went into effect on January 1, 1994. NAFTA called for immediately eliminating duties on half of all U.S. goods shipped to Mexico and gradually phasing out other tariffs over a period of about 14 years. Restrictions were to be removed from many categories, including motor vehicles and automotive parts, computers, textiles, and agriculture. The treaty also protected intellectual property rights (patents, copyrights, and trademarks) and outlined the removal of restrictions on investment among the three countries. Provisions regarding worker and environmental protection were added later as a result of supplemental agreements signed in 1993.

This agreement was an expansion of the earlier Canada-U.S. Free Trade Agreement of 1989. Unlike the European Union, NAFTA does not create a set of supranational governmental bodies, nor does it create a body of law which is superior to national law. NAFTA, as an international agreement, is very similar to a treaty (indeed, in Spanish, it is styled a tratado). Under United States law it is classed as a congressional-executive agreement. The agreement was pursued by the Conservative governments in the US and Canada. In Canada, the Government was lead by Brian Mulroney of the Progressive Conservative Party of Canada. The Canadian government worked aggressively with Republican President George H. W. Bush to create and sign the agreement. There was considerable opposition on both sides of the border that persists to today. Recently in Canada, labour unions have removed their objections to the agreement from their platforms.

• Mercosur is an economic common market that began operating in the southern cone of South America in 1995. Mercosur or Mercosul (Spanish: Mercado Común del Sur, Portuguese: Mercado Comum do Sul, English: Southern Common Market) is a trading zone among Brazil, Argentina, Uruguay and Paraguay, founded in 1995. Its purpose is to promote free trade and movement of goods and peoples, skills and money, between these countries. Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela have associate member status. Many South Americans see Mercosur as a useful bulwark against the encroachment of the United States in the region, either in the form of the Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA) or in the form of bilateral treaties. But Mercosur was signficantly weakened by the collapse of the Argentine economy in 2002, and indeed some critics believe the refusal of the Bush administration to bail out Argentina was based on its desire to undermine Mercosur, which would be a threat to what some say is a divide-and-conquer strategy for maintaining dominance over the economies of Latin America. In December 2004 it merged with the Andean Community trade bloc (CAN) to form the South American Community of Nations, patterned after the European Union. The name Mercosur is formed from the Spanish phrase Mercado Común del Sur which means Southern Common Market. There are more than 220 million consumers in the market. The combined Gross Domestic Product of the member nations is more than one trillion dollars a year.

The goals of a free-trade zone amonng member nations:

1.To make member economics more stable; 2.To increase trade within the region and thereby decrease dependency on unstable global markets; 3.To channel some of the profits of improving economics to those people and groups that most need help.

• The CIS is headquartered in Minsk, Belarus. The chairman of the CIS is known as the executive secretary. All of the CIS's executive secretaries have been from Belarus or Russia. The current executive secretary is former Russian interior minister, Vladimir Rushailo. From a historical point of view, the CIS could be viewed a successor entity to the Soviet Union, insofar as one of its original intents was to provide a framework for the disassembly of that state. However, the CIS is emphatically not a state unto itself, and is more comparable to the European Community than to its "predecessor". However, although the CIS has few supranational powers, it is more than a purely symbolic organization, possessing coordinating powers in the realm of trade, finance, lawmaking, and security. The most significant issue for the CIS is the establishment of a full-fledged free trade zone / economic union between the member states, to be launched in 2005. It has also promoted cooperation on democratisation and cross-border crime prevention. During the 1992 Olympic Games (in Albertville and Barcelona), athletes from the CIS member states competed as the Unified Team for the last time. In other sports events in that year, such as the European Championships in football, athletes took part as representatives of the CIS. Since then, the member states have competed under their national banners.