Why Women Live Longer Than Men

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Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What makes women live much longer than men today and why is this difference growing in the past? We have only a small amount of evidence and the evidence is not sufficient to draw an unambiguous conclusion. While we are aware that there are biological, behavioral and environmental factors that play an integral role in women living longer than males, اضيق وضعية للجماع we aren't sure what percentage each factor plays in.

It is known that women are living longer than males, regardless of weight. However this is not because of certain biological factors have changed. What are the factors that are changing? Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. There are other issues that are more intricate. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, اضيق وضعية للجماع; https://glorynote.com/%D8%A3%D8%B6%D9%8A%D9%82-%D9%88%D8%B6%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B9/, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. It is clear that all countries are over the line of parity diagonally. This implies that a baby girl from every country could expect to live longer than her brother.

The chart below shows that although there is a women's advantage across all countries, differences between countries could be significant. In Russia women have an average of 10 years more than men. In Bhutan the gap is just half one year.

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In rich countries the advantage of women in longevity was not as great.
Let's look at how the gender advantage in terms of longevity has changed over time. The chart below shows male and female life expectancies at the birth in the US from 1790 to 2014. Two distinct features stand out.

The first is that there is an upward trend. Both men as well as women in the US live much, much longer than they did 100 years ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

The second is that there is an increasing gap: The female advantage in terms of life expectancy used to be quite small however it increased dramatically over the last century.

It is possible to verify that these are applicable to other countries that have data by clicking the "Change country" option in the chart. This includes the UK, France, and Sweden.